FOURTH PERIOD

 

THEMES OF THE FOURTH PERIOD

TOPIC 10: NATURE UNLEASHED 

• Conditional Types (Zero, First and Second)

• Expressing natural events

• Expressing general truths and scientific facts.

• Describing how to act before, during and after a natural disaster.

THE CONDITIONALS 

-Conditionals are used to speculate about what might happen, what might have happened, and what we would like to see happen. In English, most sentences that use the conditional tense contain the term "if". Many of the conditional constraints in English are used in sentences that include verbs in the past tense. This usage is called "the unreal past" because we are using a tense in the past tense but we are not referring to something that actually happened. There are 5 main ways to build.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 0 

The "zero conditional" is used when the time we are referring to is now or always and the situation is real or possible. This type of conditional is often used to talk about general facts. The verb tense of both prepositions is the "simple present".

NEGATIVE: If i don't drink water, i don't hydrate 

INTERROGATIVE: Do i hydrate, if  i drink water?

CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 

It is used to refer to the present or future when the situation is real. It refers to a possible condition and its probable outcome. In these sentences the "if" clause adopts the "simple present" and the main preposition the "simple future"

NEGATIVE: If i don't win the lottery, i won't buy a house

CONDITIONAL TYPE 2 

It is used to refer to a time that may be now or at any time and to a situation that is not real. These sentences do not allude to facts. It is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable outcome. In these sentences the preposition "if" adopts the "simple past" and the main clause the "present conditional"

CONDITIONAL TYPE 3

It is used to refer to a time located in the past and to a situation contrary to reality. It is based on facts that are opposite to what is being expressed or a condition of the past that is not real, as well as its probable result in the past, in these sentences the clause "if" adopts the "past perfect" and the preposition main the "perfect conditional".

TOPIC 11: CATACLYSM EXPLAINED

• Connectors of Sequence: first, then, later, next, finally.

• Connectors of cause and result: because, as, for, since.

CONNECTORS  

Las palabras de enlace son palabras que enlazan o relacionan dos ideas, dentro de una oración o dentro de un párrafo. Si usamos estas palabras incorrectamente podemos cambiar completamente el significado de la frase

TOPIC 12: MIND-BLOWING FACTS ABOUT DISASTERS

• Some quantifiers

• Coordinating conjunctions

• Narrative types of text 

THE QUANTIFIERS

Quantifiers express an indeterminate quantity and always precede a noun, article, or determiner. Some of the most frequent quantifiers in English are: some / any, much / many, (a) few / (a) little, lots of / a lot of and enough.

Example:

There are not many Swedish businesses that still use cash, because most of them believe it has little benefit.

The choice between a quantifier or another dependent on whether it accompanies a countable or uncountable noun. Furthermore, it must be taken into account if the noun is accompanied by an article (the) or a determiner (these, those, yours, etc.)

-lots of, a lot of: The lots of and a lot of quantifiers are the most versatile in English and     therefore the most used.

        EX= They have a lot of/lots of flexibility.

      

 -much, many:The much and many quantifiers both express a large amount of something     but much accompanies uncountable nouns and many accompany countable nouns.

       EX= Swedes don’t carry much cash.

     

 -few, little: The quantifiers few and little have the opposite meaning of much, many and a lot

  of/ lots of; that is, they express a small amount of something and are almost equal to zero.

       EX= There are few advantages to going cashless

-some, any: The quantifiers some and any can both be used with countable and uncountable nouns. Some is used in affirmative and interrogative sentences and any is used in negative and interrogative sentences.

       EX= Some people say that credit cards are unsafe.

16. PEACEFUL BEHAVIOR 

GRETA THUNBERG